Html 0.4
Struktura kódu stránky (2)
Jednotlivé části HTML stránky
Teď si ten kód rozebereme, abychom se v něm dokázali orientovat.
DOCTYPE
Na úplném začátku je deklarace "doctype" (ve výše uvedeném příkladu to jsou první dva řádky).
Polopatě: Představte si, že překladateli dáte text v cizím jazyce, který má přeložit. Buďto bude muset odhadnout, co je to za jazyk, nebo mu to předem řeknete. A když už to bude vědět, bude předpokládat, že je to pravda, a že text nebude smíchaný z více jazyků a bude dodržovat pravidla pravopisu toho jazyka. Protože jestli ne, nemůže zaručit, že překlad bude správný a jestli se obsah textu nezkomolí.
No a tím překladatelem je prohlížeč, tím textem je html kód. Neříct mu, v jakém jazyce je to napsané, to by bylo ošklivé. Řekneme mu to právě zápisem DOCTYPE. A my bychom měli dodržet pravopis toho jazyka, tj. pravidla použité verze HTML. Prohlížeč pak může ten kód správně přeložit - neboli zobrazit.
Jinými slovy - tímto zápisem řeknete prohlížeči, v jaké verzi (X)HTML jste svou stránku napsali. Prohlížeč podle toho s kódem naloží. V našem příkladě je použita deklarace XHTML 1.0 strict, a to jen proto, že jsem v tomhle doctype zvyklá dělat. Třeba si na to taky rádi zvyknete.
A ještě odborně - JPW říká:
"Každý správně formátovaný HTML dokument by měl na začátku obsahovat informace o verzi použitého HTML a typu DTD (Document Type Definition). DTD je jinými slovy návod pro prohlížeč zpracovávající dokument. Říká mu, jaké elementy dokument používá a jak s nimi zacházet. Element DOCTYPE není součástí HTML dokumentu, není elementem HTML a nemusí mít koncovou značku."
Doporučená četba: jakpsatweb.cz o doctype, wellstyled.com o režimech prohlížečů podle doctype.
Vlastní (X)HTML
To, co následuje, už je opravdu v jazyce HTML; proto je celý zbytek uzavřen do tagu <html> (na konci samozřejmě </html> ).
Hlavička - head
Hlavička je uzavřena do tagů <head> </head> . Může (nebo by měla) v ní být spousta užitečných informací, žádná z nich se ale nezobrazí ve formě textu na výsledné stránce; přesto mají na zobrazení stránky velký vliv.
- To, co bude mezi tagy <title> a </title> , bude názvem stránky, který se vypíše v horní liště prohlížeče nebo v ikoně ve spodní liště. V našem příkladu to je text "Toto je moje stránka".
- Dále zde najdete různé tagy <meta /> . Důležitý je hlavně meta tag týkající se kódování.
Doporučená četba: jakpsatweb.cz o meta tazích
- Do hlavičky patří také případné skripty a stylopis nebo cesta k externímu stylopisu . To jen aby bylo vidět, že vím o čem mluvím; nám to zatím k ničemu není a necháme to stranou.
Tělo stránky - body
Následují tagy a texty, uzavřené v párovém tagu <body> a </body> . Tady je konečně všechno to, co se na naší stránce zobrazí. A na to se podíváme podrobněji.
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